Dans ces notebooks, nous nous intéresserons aux flux d’artificialisation vers différents postes : habitat, activité,… au fil des ans, sur la période 2009 à 2020.
Ces différents notebooks visent à poser les bases d’une application Shiny d’exploration de ces données.
Le fichier à télécharger s’appelle obs_artif_conso_com_2009_2020_V2.csv et se situe à l’adresse https://cerema.app.box.com/v/pnb-action7-indicateurs-ff/folder/149684581362
On le télécharge dans le dossier data de notre répertoire de travail.
Chargeons la fameuse librairie ‘couteau suisse’ tidyverse. Celle-ci contient des librairies essentielles telles que dplyr, magrittr (pour les pipes %>%),…
library(tidyverse)Lisons nos données :
flux <- read_csv("../data/obs_artif_conso_com_2009_2020_V2.csv")## Rows: 34938 Columns: 85## -- Column specification --------------------------------------------------------
## Delimiter: ","
## chr (12): idcom, idcomtxt, idreg, idregtxt, iddep, iddeptxt, epci20txt, aav2...
## dbl (73): epci20, cateaav2020, naf09art10, art09act10, art09hab10, art09mix1...##
## i Use `spec()` to retrieve the full column specification for this data.
## i Specify the column types or set `show_col_types = FALSE` to quiet this message.glimpse(flux)## Rows: 34,938
## Columns: 85
## $ idcom <chr> "01001", "01002", "01004", "01005", "01006", "01007", "010~
## $ idcomtxt <chr> "L'Abergement-Clémenciat", "L'Abergement-de-Varey", "Ambér~
## $ idreg <chr> "84", "84", "84", "84", "84", "84", "84", "84", "84", "84"~
## $ idregtxt <chr> "Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes", "Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes", "Auvergne-~
## $ iddep <chr> "01", "01", "01", "01", "01", "01", "01", "01", "01", "01"~
## $ iddeptxt <chr> "Ain", "Ain", "Ain", "Ain", "Ain", "Ain", "Ain", "Ain", "A~
## $ epci20 <dbl> 200069193, 240100883, 240100883, 200042497, 200040350, 240~
## $ epci20txt <chr> "CC de la Dombes", "CC de la Plaine de l'Ain", "CC de la P~
## $ aav2020 <chr> "524", "000", "243", "002", "286", "243", "243", "286", "0~
## $ libaav2020 <chr> "Châtillon-sur-Chalaronne", "Commune hors attraction des v~
## $ cateaav2020 <dbl> 20, 30, 11, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 30, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20~
## $ naf09art10 <dbl> 8324, 1139, 79035, 6205, 0, 19333, 1337, 676, 17093, 1893,~
## $ art09act10 <dbl> 0, 0, 48339, 0, 0, 1783, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4813, 0, 0, 0, ~
## $ art09hab10 <dbl> 8324, 1139, 29034, 6152, 0, 14707, 1337, 676, 10834, 1533,~
## $ art09mix10 <dbl> 0, 0, 1662, 53, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ~
## $ art09inc10 <dbl> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2843, 0, 0, 6259, 360, 0, 0, 10, 250, 0, 2,~
## $ naf10art11 <dbl> 8324, 1140, 79035, 6205, 0, 19334, 1338, 676, 17094, 1894,~
## $ art10act11 <dbl> 0, 0, 48339, 0, 0, 1784, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4813, 0, 0, 0, ~
## $ art10hab11 <dbl> 8324, 1140, 29034, 6152, 0, 14708, 1338, 676, 10834, 1534,~
## $ art10mix11 <dbl> 0, 0, 1662, 53, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ~
## $ art10inc11 <dbl> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2842, 0, 0, 6260, 360, 0, 0, 10, 249, 0, 2,~
## $ naf11art12 <dbl> 0, 4638, 30959, 9185, 98, 10161, 3045, 1088, 22509, 1208, ~
## $ art11act12 <dbl> 0, 0, 5957, 0, 0, 0, 1419, 0, 14380, 0, 0, 0, 21760, 640, ~
## $ art11hab12 <dbl> 0, 258, 12752, 9029, 98, 10161, 1500, 1088, 8129, 1208, 0,~
## $ art11mix12 <dbl> 0, 0, 0, 106, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 16605~
## $ art11inc12 <dbl> 0, 4380, 12250, 50, 0, 0, 126, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ~
## $ naf12art13 <dbl> 650, 977, 14426, 2799, 0, 4418, 1847, 1314, 7824, 3992, 40~
## $ art12act13 <dbl> 0, 0, 5200, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0~
## $ art12hab13 <dbl> 650, 977, 9226, 1975, 0, 4418, 1847, 1314, 7824, 3992, 161~
## $ art12mix13 <dbl> 0, 0, 0, 824, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 14~
## $ art12inc13 <dbl> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2402, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0~
## $ naf13art14 <dbl> 8037, 0, 14873, 0, 0, 11208, 1218, 3418, 8014, 0, 0, 0, 14~
## $ art13act14 <dbl> 0, 0, 4410, 0, 0, 1014, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0~
## $ art13hab14 <dbl> 8037, 0, 10108, 0, 0, 10194, 1218, 3418, 8014, 0, 0, 0, 14~
## $ art13mix14 <dbl> 0, 0, 354, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,~
## $ art13inc14 <dbl> 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1500, 0, 1226~
## $ naf14art15 <dbl> 0, 975, 29188, 0, 0, 24511, 226, 3065, 0, 0, 7984, 0, 1109~
## $ art14act15 <dbl> 0, 0, 691, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 164, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ~
## $ art14hab15 <dbl> 0, 975, 28497, 0, 0, 24511, 226, 3065, 0, 0, 7598, 0, 1093~
## $ art14mix15 <dbl> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0~
## $ art14inc15 <dbl> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 386, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,~
## $ naf15art16 <dbl> 857, 1749, 94624, 886, 1450, 14000, 2862, 6847, 1317, 0, 1~
## $ art15act16 <dbl> 0, 0, 34171, 0, 0, 11601, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 80043, 0, 0, 0~
## $ art15hab16 <dbl> 857, 1749, 60300, 0, 1450, 2399, 2862, 6847, 1317, 0, 1449~
## $ art15mix16 <dbl> 0, 0, 152, 886, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 677, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0~
## $ art15inc16 <dbl> 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0~
## $ naf16art17 <dbl> 1718, 1205, 45103, 16323, 0, 27673, 8959, 0, 3363, 2090, 0~
## $ art16act17 <dbl> 0, 0, 1069, 0, 0, 13351, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1505, 0, 0, 0, ~
## $ art16hab17 <dbl> 1718, 1205, 44034, 13831, 0, 12816, 8959, 0, 3363, 2090, 0~
## $ art16mix17 <dbl> 0, 0, 0, 2492, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0~
## $ art16inc17 <dbl> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1506, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0~
## $ naf17art18 <dbl> 3580, 0, 76493, 3729, 1000, 12508, 1338, 2265, 978, 1781, ~
## $ art17act18 <dbl> 0, 0, 36327, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ~
## $ art17hab18 <dbl> 3580, 0, 40166, 3729, 1000, 12508, 1338, 2265, 978, 1781, ~
## $ art17mix18 <dbl> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0~
## $ art17inc18 <dbl> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5647, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0~
## $ naf18art19 <dbl> 2721, 1037, 87831, 0, 3959, 19203, 2550, 1000, 700, 0, 0, ~
## $ art18act19 <dbl> 0, 0, 34134, 0, 0, 5757, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ~
## $ art18hab19 <dbl> 2721, 600, 53272, 0, 3959, 13446, 2550, 1000, 700, 0, 0, 0~
## $ art18mix19 <dbl> 0, 0, 425, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,~
## $ art18inc19 <dbl> 0, 437, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,~
## $ naf19art20 <dbl> 0, 1740, 13093, 25621, 0, 22992, 9419, 2020, 1707, 0, 4830~
## $ art19act20 <dbl> 0, 0, 4907, 0, 0, 18782, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1850, 0, ~
## $ art19hab20 <dbl> 0, 1740, 8157, 25621, 0, 4210, 9419, 2020, 1707, 0, 4830, ~
## $ art19mix20 <dbl> 0, 0, 29, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ~
## $ art19inc20 <dbl> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0~
## $ nafart0920 <dbl> 34211, 14600, 564660, 70953, 6507, 185341, 34139, 22369, 8~
## $ artact0920 <dbl> 0, 0, 223544, 0, 0, 54072, 1419, 0, 14380, 0, 0, 0, 113098~
## $ arthab0920 <dbl> 34211, 9783, 324580, 66489, 6507, 124078, 32594, 22369, 53~
## $ artmix0920 <dbl> 0, 0, 4284, 4414, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 677, 0, 0, 0, 0,~
## $ artinc0920 <dbl> 0, 4817, 12252, 50, 0, 7191, 126, 0, 12519, 720, 8435, 0, ~
## $ artcom0920 <chr> "0.22", "0.16", "2.31", "0.44", "0.11", "0.55", "0.66", "0~
## $ pop12 <dbl> 777, 235, 14233, 1642, 110, 2437, 739, 338, 1069, 385, 311~
## $ pop17 <dbl> 776, 248, 14035, 1689, 111, 2726, 752, 330, 1115, 376, 326~
## $ pop1217 <dbl> -1, 13, -198, 47, 1, 289, 13, -8, 46, -9, 15, -16, -73, 23~
## $ men12 <dbl> 303, 104, 6013, 614, 51, 979, 306, 140, 428, 148, 140, 68,~
## $ men17 <dbl> 315, 107, 6406, 636, 56, 1144, 324, 148, 475, 155, 150, 65~
## $ men1217 <dbl> 12, 3, 393, 22, 4, 164, 18, 7, 47, 7, 10, -3, 33, 21, 15, ~
## $ emp17 <dbl> 99, 16, 7686, 294, 6, 469, 145, 19, 267, 25, 57, 21, 2136,~
## $ emp12 <dbl> 75, 13, 7613, 281, 4, 454, 135, 32, 199, 35, 48, 21, 2134,~
## $ emp1217 <dbl> 24, 3, 73, 13, 2, 15, 10, -13, 68, -10, 9, 0, 2, -7, 8, 2,~
## $ mepart1217 <dbl> 31.97, 12.23, 23.51, 17.49, 41.38, 21.88, 18.53, -4.10, 56~
## $ menhab1217 <dbl> 10.66, 6.11, 25.83, 13.92, 27.59, 30.18, 11.91, 4.78, 22.9~
## $ artpop1217 <chr> "-11262", "377.38", "-1001.08", "425.7", "1450", "283.08",~
## $ surfcom20 <chr> "15654745", "9129931", "24488600", "16050565", "6026477", ~Un petit souci : certaines colonnes sont de type caractères, alors qu’elles devraient être de type numérique. C’est le cas de surfcom20, par exemple.
class(flux$surfcom20)## [1] "character"Listons les colonnes de type caractères :
sapply(names(flux), function(x) class(flux[[x]]) == "character") %>% which %>% {names(flux)[.]}## [1] "idcom" "idcomtxt" "idreg" "idregtxt" "iddep"
## [6] "iddeptxt" "epci20txt" "aav2020" "libaav2020" "artcom0920"
## [11] "artpop1217" "surfcom20"Les colonnes artcom0920, artpop1217 et surfcom20 devraient être de type numérique.
Recherchons les valeurs non numériques dans ces colonnes :
w <- grep("^(-|[0-9]|\\.)*$", flux$artcom0920, perl = TRUE)
flux$artcom0920[-w] %>% unique## [1] "NULL"w <- grep("^(-|[0-9]|\\.)*$", flux$artpop1217, perl = TRUE)
flux$artpop1217[-w] %>% unique## [1] "NULL"w <- grep("^(-|[0-9]|\\.)*$", flux$surfcom20, perl = TRUE)
flux$surfcom20[-w] %>% unique## [1] "NULL"Il s’agit des valeurs ‘NULL’.
Quels sont les départements pour lesquels on a cette valeur (et donc pour lesquels on n’a pas de surface) ?
flux$iddep[-w]## [1] "971" "971" "971" "971" "971" "971" "971" "971" "971" "971" "971" "971"
## [13] "971" "971" "971" "971" "971" "971" "971" "971" "971" "971" "971" "971"
## [25] "971" "971" "971" "971" "971" "971" "971" "971" "972" "972" "972" "972"
## [37] "972" "972" "972" "972" "972" "972" "972" "972" "972" "972" "972" "972"
## [49] "972" "972" "972" "972" "972" "972" "972" "972" "972" "972" "972" "972"
## [61] "972" "972" "972" "972" "972" "972" "973" "973" "973" "973" "973" "973"
## [73] "973" "973" "973" "973" "973" "973" "973" "973" "973" "973" "973" "973"
## [85] "973" "973" "973" "973" "974" "974" "974" "974" "974" "974" "974" "974"
## [97] "974" "974" "974" "974" "974" "974" "974" "974" "974" "974" "974" "974"
## [109] "974" "974" "974" "974"Il s’agit des départemments d’Outre-Mer.
Nous pouvons relire le fichier en mentionnant cette ‘NULL’ comme étant NA
flux <- read_csv("../data/obs_artif_conso_com_2009_2020_V2.csv", na = c("", "NULL"))## Rows: 34938 Columns: 85## -- Column specification --------------------------------------------------------
## Delimiter: ","
## chr (9): idcom, idcomtxt, idreg, idregtxt, iddep, iddeptxt, epci20txt, aav2...
## dbl (76): epci20, cateaav2020, naf09art10, art09act10, art09hab10, art09mix1...##
## i Use `spec()` to retrieve the full column specification for this data.
## i Specify the column types or set `show_col_types = FALSE` to quiet this message.glimpse(flux)## Rows: 34,938
## Columns: 85
## $ idcom <chr> "01001", "01002", "01004", "01005", "01006", "01007", "010~
## $ idcomtxt <chr> "L'Abergement-Clémenciat", "L'Abergement-de-Varey", "Ambér~
## $ idreg <chr> "84", "84", "84", "84", "84", "84", "84", "84", "84", "84"~
## $ idregtxt <chr> "Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes", "Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes", "Auvergne-~
## $ iddep <chr> "01", "01", "01", "01", "01", "01", "01", "01", "01", "01"~
## $ iddeptxt <chr> "Ain", "Ain", "Ain", "Ain", "Ain", "Ain", "Ain", "Ain", "A~
## $ epci20 <dbl> 200069193, 240100883, 240100883, 200042497, 200040350, 240~
## $ epci20txt <chr> "CC de la Dombes", "CC de la Plaine de l'Ain", "CC de la P~
## $ aav2020 <chr> "524", "000", "243", "002", "286", "243", "243", "286", "0~
## $ libaav2020 <chr> "Châtillon-sur-Chalaronne", "Commune hors attraction des v~
## $ cateaav2020 <dbl> 20, 30, 11, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 30, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20~
## $ naf09art10 <dbl> 8324, 1139, 79035, 6205, 0, 19333, 1337, 676, 17093, 1893,~
## $ art09act10 <dbl> 0, 0, 48339, 0, 0, 1783, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4813, 0, 0, 0, ~
## $ art09hab10 <dbl> 8324, 1139, 29034, 6152, 0, 14707, 1337, 676, 10834, 1533,~
## $ art09mix10 <dbl> 0, 0, 1662, 53, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ~
## $ art09inc10 <dbl> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2843, 0, 0, 6259, 360, 0, 0, 10, 250, 0, 2,~
## $ naf10art11 <dbl> 8324, 1140, 79035, 6205, 0, 19334, 1338, 676, 17094, 1894,~
## $ art10act11 <dbl> 0, 0, 48339, 0, 0, 1784, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4813, 0, 0, 0, ~
## $ art10hab11 <dbl> 8324, 1140, 29034, 6152, 0, 14708, 1338, 676, 10834, 1534,~
## $ art10mix11 <dbl> 0, 0, 1662, 53, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ~
## $ art10inc11 <dbl> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2842, 0, 0, 6260, 360, 0, 0, 10, 249, 0, 2,~
## $ naf11art12 <dbl> 0, 4638, 30959, 9185, 98, 10161, 3045, 1088, 22509, 1208, ~
## $ art11act12 <dbl> 0, 0, 5957, 0, 0, 0, 1419, 0, 14380, 0, 0, 0, 21760, 640, ~
## $ art11hab12 <dbl> 0, 258, 12752, 9029, 98, 10161, 1500, 1088, 8129, 1208, 0,~
## $ art11mix12 <dbl> 0, 0, 0, 106, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 16605~
## $ art11inc12 <dbl> 0, 4380, 12250, 50, 0, 0, 126, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ~
## $ naf12art13 <dbl> 650, 977, 14426, 2799, 0, 4418, 1847, 1314, 7824, 3992, 40~
## $ art12act13 <dbl> 0, 0, 5200, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0~
## $ art12hab13 <dbl> 650, 977, 9226, 1975, 0, 4418, 1847, 1314, 7824, 3992, 161~
## $ art12mix13 <dbl> 0, 0, 0, 824, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 14~
## $ art12inc13 <dbl> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2402, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0~
## $ naf13art14 <dbl> 8037, 0, 14873, 0, 0, 11208, 1218, 3418, 8014, 0, 0, 0, 14~
## $ art13act14 <dbl> 0, 0, 4410, 0, 0, 1014, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0~
## $ art13hab14 <dbl> 8037, 0, 10108, 0, 0, 10194, 1218, 3418, 8014, 0, 0, 0, 14~
## $ art13mix14 <dbl> 0, 0, 354, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,~
## $ art13inc14 <dbl> 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1500, 0, 1226~
## $ naf14art15 <dbl> 0, 975, 29188, 0, 0, 24511, 226, 3065, 0, 0, 7984, 0, 1109~
## $ art14act15 <dbl> 0, 0, 691, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 164, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ~
## $ art14hab15 <dbl> 0, 975, 28497, 0, 0, 24511, 226, 3065, 0, 0, 7598, 0, 1093~
## $ art14mix15 <dbl> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0~
## $ art14inc15 <dbl> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 386, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,~
## $ naf15art16 <dbl> 857, 1749, 94624, 886, 1450, 14000, 2862, 6847, 1317, 0, 1~
## $ art15act16 <dbl> 0, 0, 34171, 0, 0, 11601, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 80043, 0, 0, 0~
## $ art15hab16 <dbl> 857, 1749, 60300, 0, 1450, 2399, 2862, 6847, 1317, 0, 1449~
## $ art15mix16 <dbl> 0, 0, 152, 886, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 677, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0~
## $ art15inc16 <dbl> 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0~
## $ naf16art17 <dbl> 1718, 1205, 45103, 16323, 0, 27673, 8959, 0, 3363, 2090, 0~
## $ art16act17 <dbl> 0, 0, 1069, 0, 0, 13351, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1505, 0, 0, 0, ~
## $ art16hab17 <dbl> 1718, 1205, 44034, 13831, 0, 12816, 8959, 0, 3363, 2090, 0~
## $ art16mix17 <dbl> 0, 0, 0, 2492, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0~
## $ art16inc17 <dbl> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1506, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0~
## $ naf17art18 <dbl> 3580, 0, 76493, 3729, 1000, 12508, 1338, 2265, 978, 1781, ~
## $ art17act18 <dbl> 0, 0, 36327, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ~
## $ art17hab18 <dbl> 3580, 0, 40166, 3729, 1000, 12508, 1338, 2265, 978, 1781, ~
## $ art17mix18 <dbl> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0~
## $ art17inc18 <dbl> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5647, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0~
## $ naf18art19 <dbl> 2721, 1037, 87831, 0, 3959, 19203, 2550, 1000, 700, 0, 0, ~
## $ art18act19 <dbl> 0, 0, 34134, 0, 0, 5757, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ~
## $ art18hab19 <dbl> 2721, 600, 53272, 0, 3959, 13446, 2550, 1000, 700, 0, 0, 0~
## $ art18mix19 <dbl> 0, 0, 425, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,~
## $ art18inc19 <dbl> 0, 437, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,~
## $ naf19art20 <dbl> 0, 1740, 13093, 25621, 0, 22992, 9419, 2020, 1707, 0, 4830~
## $ art19act20 <dbl> 0, 0, 4907, 0, 0, 18782, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1850, 0, ~
## $ art19hab20 <dbl> 0, 1740, 8157, 25621, 0, 4210, 9419, 2020, 1707, 0, 4830, ~
## $ art19mix20 <dbl> 0, 0, 29, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ~
## $ art19inc20 <dbl> 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0~
## $ nafart0920 <dbl> 34211, 14600, 564660, 70953, 6507, 185341, 34139, 22369, 8~
## $ artact0920 <dbl> 0, 0, 223544, 0, 0, 54072, 1419, 0, 14380, 0, 0, 0, 113098~
## $ arthab0920 <dbl> 34211, 9783, 324580, 66489, 6507, 124078, 32594, 22369, 53~
## $ artmix0920 <dbl> 0, 0, 4284, 4414, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 677, 0, 0, 0, 0,~
## $ artinc0920 <dbl> 0, 4817, 12252, 50, 0, 7191, 126, 0, 12519, 720, 8435, 0, ~
## $ artcom0920 <dbl> 0.22, 0.16, 2.31, 0.44, 0.11, 0.55, 0.66, 0.32, 0.27, 0.09~
## $ pop12 <dbl> 777, 235, 14233, 1642, 110, 2437, 739, 338, 1069, 385, 311~
## $ pop17 <dbl> 776, 248, 14035, 1689, 111, 2726, 752, 330, 1115, 376, 326~
## $ pop1217 <dbl> -1, 13, -198, 47, 1, 289, 13, -8, 46, -9, 15, -16, -73, 23~
## $ men12 <dbl> 303, 104, 6013, 614, 51, 979, 306, 140, 428, 148, 140, 68,~
## $ men17 <dbl> 315, 107, 6406, 636, 56, 1144, 324, 148, 475, 155, 150, 65~
## $ men1217 <dbl> 12, 3, 393, 22, 4, 164, 18, 7, 47, 7, 10, -3, 33, 21, 15, ~
## $ emp17 <dbl> 99, 16, 7686, 294, 6, 469, 145, 19, 267, 25, 57, 21, 2136,~
## $ emp12 <dbl> 75, 13, 7613, 281, 4, 454, 135, 32, 199, 35, 48, 21, 2134,~
## $ emp1217 <dbl> 24, 3, 73, 13, 2, 15, 10, -13, 68, -10, 9, 0, 2, -7, 8, 2,~
## $ mepart1217 <dbl> 31.97, 12.23, 23.51, 17.49, 41.38, 21.88, 18.53, -4.10, 56~
## $ menhab1217 <dbl> 10.66, 6.11, 25.83, 13.92, 27.59, 30.18, 11.91, 4.78, 22.9~
## $ artpop1217 <dbl> -11262.00, 377.38, -1001.08, 425.70, 1450.00, 283.08, 1162~
## $ surfcom20 <dbl> 15654745, 9129931, 24488600, 16050565, 6026477, 33592093, ~Nous voyons qu’il n’y a plus de valeurs ‘NULL’ :
which(flux$surfcom20 == "NULL")## integer(0)